Metal-turning tool.



Patented Mar. 4, 1913.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. HARTNESS.

METAL TURNING TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED Nov.17, 1908.

COLUMBIA PLANUGRAPH c0.,wAsHlNGToN. D. c.

J. HARTNESS.

METAL TURNING TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED N'ov. 17A 1908.

Patented Mar. 4, 1913.

5 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

J wN NW m mm w w A w@ J. HARTNBSS. METAL TURNING TOOL.

APPLIGATION FILED NOV. 17, 190B.

Patented Mar. 4, 1913.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

J. HARTNESS.

METAL TURNING TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED No-v.17, 19,08.

Patented Mar. 4, 1913.

J. HARTNESS.

METAL TURNING TOOL.

APPLIGATION FILED Nov. 17, 190s.

. Patented Mar. 4, 1913.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

t MLM CLUMBlA PLANUGRAPM C0..wASHlNToN, n. c.

JAMES HARTNEss, or SPRINGFIELD, vERMoNT. Y

METAL-TURNING TooL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

`.Application filed November 17, 1908.'L Serial No. 463,002. v

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, JAMESA HARTNESS, ofV

Springfield, in the county yof Windsor and State of Vermont, have linvented certain new" andr useful Improvements in Metal- Turning Tools, of which the following "is a specification.

This invention has relation to metal turning or cutting tools, andfhas for its object to provide a novel form thereof, in which the cutter may be quickly moved into and out of a predetermined working position.

Still another object kof the invention is to provide improved means for supporting the cutter upon the cutter-carrying block in such manner that it is properly held with relation to the wo-rk, and, moreover',`may be adjusted longitudinally as occasion demands.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents in front elevation, a turning tool embodying the invention. Fig. 2 represents an end elevation of the same looking in the direction n of the arrow in Fig.y 1. Fig. 3 represents in plan view a portion of the body Vof the tool with the work rest removed so as to show the aperture therefor. Fig. it represents a plan view of the tool. Figs. 5 and 6 represent longitudinal sections therethrough. Fig. 7 represents a vertical transversesection through they tool. Figs. 8 and 9`representy respectively sections on the ylines 8 8 and 9 9 of Fig. 7. Fig. 10 represents a horizontal section through the tool. Figs. 11,'12, 13, 14 and 15 illustrate a chip breaker and der tlector which may be used in connection with the machine, Fig. 141 being a section on the line 14-14 ofFig. 11, and Fig. 15 being a section on the line 15-15 of Fig. 14. Figs. 16 to 20 inclusive represent another form of chip deflector and breaker which may be utilized, Fig. 19 representing a section on the line 19-19 of Fig. 18, and Fig. 20 representing a section on the line Y 20-20 of Fig. 16. Fig. 21 represents two views illustrating one of the work 'rests detached. j

On the drawings, the tool is illustrated as comprising a framel or body 25. The body 25 consists of a standard having a base 27 which may be secured by any suitable meanslto the tool slide of a lathe.

Through the standard of the body portion 25 is an aperture through which the work `may pass as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 5.

Attached to the body is avrest holder -26 which is of the shape shown in 1. That 1s, 1t is something like the letter C, and it is provided with apertures 28 28, to receive Patented Mara, 1913.

dowels 29 4which project 'from the face of the standard of the body portion 25. The holder 26 fits tightly against the face of the standard and iits friction tight on the dowels 28 and 29, and it is alsoheld in position by the thrust' of the work against the cutter. The holder 26 serves as a carrier or support for the work rests, and to it is pivoted the cutter carrier. The work rests are indicated Vat 30. Theyk are illustrated as two in number, and they are located so as to resist the upward and lateral thrust of the work. Each rest consists of a rotatable member or disk having a concentric shank 31. The disk and its shank are journaled in a socket or bearingv member which con-k sists of a sleeve or bushing 32, the sleeve or bushingbeing arranged in a cylindrical lthe end face of each work rest is beveled as shown, the middle of the face being slightly Vrecessed so that only the outer portion of the face will engage the periphery ofthe work. The work rests adjacent their shanks are beveled so as to engage the internally beveled inner ends ofthe sleeves or bushings 32. against end-thrust bearings or pins 34 which, in turn, bear against transverse 4 pins 35 passed through the projecting ends of the sleeves 32. The projecting ends of the pins 35 are provided with knobs 36 so as to constitute handles by which the sleeves may be rotated or oscillated. i f

By an examination olf-Fig. 21 on'the last sheet of the drawing, it will be observed that each sleeve 32 is provided with a lat` erally projecting rib 37, and from Figs.

and 7, it will be observed that communicating with the apertures or sockets 33 are slots 38 and enlargements 39 so that,`when `each rest and its sleeve is inserted in the holder 26 of the tool, the rib 37 may pass downwardly through the slot 38 into the enlargement 39 of the recess, and thereafter the sleeve 32 may oscillate to a limited extent in one direction or t-he other. The rib 37 forms a stop member which may be caused The outer ends of the Shanks 31 rest' to register with and engage the ends of a plurality of abutments which, in the presentl case, take the form of set -screws 40. Thesev abutment screws are passed downwardly through threaded apertures in the body por'- tion 26 into the enlargements 39 of the sockets 33, and they are so located that, by oscillating and longitudinally moving the sleeve 32, the rib or stop 37 may be engaged with the end of either. On an examination of Fig. 7, it will be observed that the handle pin 35 is slightly cut away as at 42, and that it projects from the sleeve in parallelism with the upper surface of the rib or stop 37, and that the distance between the rib and the handle pin is equal to the length of each of the abutment screws 40. Consequently, when the stop member or rib 37 is engaged with one of the abutment screws, the handle 85 will engage the head of the screw with suflicient pressure or tension so as to hold the sleeve 32 against accidental oscillation. The two screws 40 are preferably set in different positions so that a rapid adjustment of each of the work rests is provided.

As a matter of detail, it may be stated that a lubricant is supplied to the work rests through a duct 43 in the body portion 25 of the tool, said duct communicating with the sockets by ducts 44 shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, and the sleeves having apertures to receive the lubricant.

From the foregoing description, it will be observed that work rests are provided which are in partial rolling and partial sliding contact with the work and yet which are securely held against vibration or againstendwise movement so that I am able to secure a most rigid support for the work.

In order that the abutment screws 40 may be held securely after adjustment, I provide means for locking them all in place. This is accomplished conveniently by providing diverging holes in the holder 26 and locating therein pins 45 which may be forced longitudinally into engagement with the said screws 40. lThe ends of the pins converge as shown in Fig. 7, and project outwardly from the holder 26 so that they may be engaged by a beveled bar 46, see Figs. 1, 4 and 7. The said bar is apertured to receive a screw 47 which is passed loosely therethrough into threaded engagement with the holder 26. By loosening the screw 47, the pins 45 are released so as to permit the adjustment of the screws 40. By screwing the pin 47 inward, however, the pins 45 are driven firmly against the screws 40 so as to lock them all simultaneously against accidental movement or rotation.

The cutter carrier is indicated at 48. It consists of a block having at its inner end a partially cylindrical ear 49 located in a complemental socket 50 on the body portion 26. The ear 49 projects into and lies between two ears 51, 51 formed on the rest holder or carrier 26.

52 indicates a pivot pin by which the cutter carrier is pivoted to the rest carrier. This pin is of sufficient length so that its extremity 58 which projects entirely through the rest carrier 26, enters an aperture 54 in the body 25 where it is clamped by a screw 154. The pin is provided with a slot in its outer end and with a collar 55 which lits in the aperture in the inner ear 5.1 as shown in Fig. 6. The pivot pin 52 has a threaded intermediate portion 56 which may be engaged with an internal thread on the ear 49, so that it may be rotated more or less to adjust the critter carrier transversely, 2'. e. longitudinally of the axis of the pivot screw 52. It will be seen from Fig. 6 that the ear 49 fits loosely between the two ears 51 so as to permit this adjustment, which is desirable in order to provide an adjustment of the cutter relatively to the work.

The shape of the cutter carrier will be seen from an inspection of Figs. 1, 7 8 and 9. It has in its front face a recess to receive the critter bar and its shoe as will be explained. The cutter bar is indicated as a whole at 57. It consists of an elongated bar having at one end a longitudinal cutting edge formed by two faces which are preferably at an acute angle as illustrated in Fig. 14. The inner face of the cutting edge is adapted to rest. fiat against the work, whereas the other face or top slope is at a wedging angle so as to wedge the chip awa7 from the face of the work. The inner face of the cutter which rests against the work, is substantially a continuation of one side face of the cutter shank so that the cutting edge forms substantially a continuation of the corner of the shank. The under side or bottom of the cutter is cylindrically curved about the corner line as an axis. Rearward from the cutting edge, the outer side of the shank of the cutter has a rib 58 which is utilized in holding the cutter in place. The carrier 4S has in one of its side faces, as previously stated, a recess in which the cutter is located as shown in Figs. 8 and 9'. The upper wall 59 of the recess has a downwardly projecting lip 60 against which the flat inner face of the shank may rest. The cutter itself is seated upon a rest or shoe which is indicated at 61.. The under part of this slice is cylindrically convex and is placed upon a concave seat 62 in the cutter carrier. The upper surface of the shoe 61 is concave so as to receive the convex under side of the cutter 57 and permit the oscillation of the cutter which is a feature of the tool described in my prior application Serial No. 406,588, iiled December 16, 1907. The cutter carrier is provided with upwardly projecting lips 63 to prevent any lateral movement of the shoe and the shoe has similar lips 64 to limitthe lateral movement of the cutter bar in one direction. At its end, the shoe 62 has an upwardly projecting lip 65 against ,which the end of the cutting nose of the cutter may seat` itself. v In4 addition' to forming a seat for the cutter, the shoe also serves to support one of the chip deflectors or breakers as will be subsequently eX- plained. 1

, In order that the cutter and its shoe may be properly clamped in the cutter carrier, I provide any convenient `clamping mechanisms such, for example, as those shown in Figs. 8 and 9. 66 and 67 represent two clamping members which are semi-cylindricaland which are located insemi-cylindrical sockets in the cutter carrier. The iiat faces of these two clampingfmembers engage the rib 58 on the cutter bar so that by rotating said members, they force the cutter bar against the lips 60 and also `force the cutter bar and its shoe against the seat 62 on the cutter carrier. For rotating said clamping members, I provide pins 68 69 respectively,

ywhich are moved longitudinally by screws 70 71. The end of the pin 68 is iiat and it engages a face on one side of the axis of-the member 66, so that, when the pin 68 is fo-rced upwardly, it will effect the rotation of the said member. The pin` 69, however, is provided at its endwith a transverse concavit-y so that, when forced upwardly, it will engage the convex side of the member 67. In either case the clamp is partially rotated and is forced against the rib 58 so as to press the cutter against the* lip.. 60 and i also downwardly against its shoe. By loosening the screws 70, 71, the cutter bar and its shoe may be kadjusted longitudinally.'y

The clamping member 67 kprojects beyond the end of the cutter carrier, and is provided with a rib 72 which may be engaged with any one of a series of transverse l notchesk 73 73 in the cutter bar so as to establish a practically rigid engagement of the cutter bar with the clamping member 67. The clamping member itself may be adjusted longitudinally relatively to the pin 69. For the purpose of further limiting the lateral oscillation of the cutter bar, I place on the side of it opposite the lips 64, a pin 74 which will engage the lower portion of the outer side of the cutter bar. This pin is beveled at its end so that it may be engaged by a wedge-shaped pin 75, the latter being adjusted by a screw 76. By means of the screw 76 and the pins 74, 7 5,'the cutter, if

desired,'1nay be clamped against any lateraly movement, or they may be adjusted toy permit the cutter to oscillate slightly so that the inner face of its cutting edge may follow the face of the work.k

I provide means bywhich the cutter carrier may be swung into and out of operative positions, said means ,comprising a pivotal member which, in the illustrated embodiment of the ninvention, takes the form of an cutter carrier and is provided with an eccentric sleeve 8O rigidly connected therewith. A handle 81 is connected to the pivot pin 7 9 so that by rocking theflatter, the cutter carrier may be adjusted with reference to the yoke. Through the end bar of the yoke are passed abutment screws 82, 83, `either of which may be engaged with a hardened socket piece 84 set in a projecting port-ion or arm of the body 26. The two set screws 82, 83 are secured, after adjustment, by .means of pins 86 and set screws 87 passed laterally into the end `bar of the yoke as shown in Fig.` 2. According to the diameter of the work to be'turned, the screw 82 or the screw 83 will be engaged with the socket piece 84.

` As illust-rated in Fig. 7, the cutter` is in posit-ion to act upon the work. In order to withdraw it from the work, the handle 81 may bek swung to the right to swing the carrier about the pivot pin outwardly and downwardly and thus to withdraw t-he cutter carrier, after which the yoke may be lifted so as to disengage the screw 82 from .the socket piece 84, and the yoke then swung bodily to the right so as toi permit the cutter carrierk to drop. For ordinary purposes, however, it is suiicient to move the cutter toward and from the work by swinging the handle 81 about its axis.

bersare employed, indicated respectively at 90 and 91. The member 90 is formed on tlieshoe 61 and it projects laterally across the inner end ofthe cutter carrier. Its upper surface is recessed as at 92 so as to form a curved deflecting surface 93 which is in proximity to the top slope or outer face of the cutter as shown in Fig. 14. This curved surface V93, as best shown in the 'two sectional Jviews in Figs. 14 and 15, is of such character that the chip y,is guided into anr unnatural path both axially of the work and also laterally awayr from the work. The recess 92, formed by the curved surface 93, serves as a chute which is o-pen at one end for the discharge of ythe broken chips. Immediately above the deflecting member 90 is `the member 9,1 which consists of a 70 the side bars of the yoke and through the block held in place by a lip 94 on the cutter carrier and by a pin 95. rI`he under side of the member 91 is recessed to form a curved surface 9G which opposes the curved surface 93, and which assists in guiding the chip outwardly from the work and which causes the chip to be bent about the detlecting surtace 93 so as to break it as the Chip travels from the face of the work. In this example, the chip is guided entirely through the tool body and is discharged in Jfront of the tool (considering the position of the tool when it is operating upon the work).

In Figs. 1b to 20 inclusive, I have shown the chip breakers or deiiectors which are arranged so that the chips are deflected downwardly through the cutter carrier so as to be discharged therebelow. In this case,

the cutter shoe is provided with the lateral extension 98 which constitutes one detlecting member, this extension lying across and being supported upon the cutter carrier 48. The member 98 lies in front of the end of the critter carrier so as to leave a space between them, this space being indicated at- 99 in Fig. 19. The configuration of the member 9,8 is apparent in Figs. 18, 19 and 20. It has the curved deiiecting surface 100 by which the chip is guided away from the tace of the work and slightly outward from the work. In conjunction with the deflecting member 98, I employ a second detlecting member 101 which is bifurcated so as to straddle a pin 102 projecting from the end of the cutter carrier. In this case, for the adjustment of the detlector, I employ a rock shaft 103 having an eccentric pin 104- atits end which extends into an aperture in the member 101. The face of the member 101, which confronts the member 98, is concaved, being' curved downwardly so that, when it is engaged by the chip, the chip is bent about the deiecting surface 100 of the meraber 98 and is caused to break and be discharged downwardly through an aperture 105 in the cutter carrier 48.

In both of these constructions, which have been described, the detlectors are located so that the chip, cn leaving the top slope of the cutter, is bent laterally or flat-wise (i. e. longitudinally of the work) at a sufficiently abrupt angle so that, when itengages the second dctlector, it is broken into relatively short lengths, such fracture not taking place at the point ot cleavage of the chip from the tace oit' the work but below the top slope of the cutter. detlectors may be constructed in other ways and by otherI means be att-ached to a convenient uartof the tool or to the cutter :ri-ier.

I do not claim herein the deflectors or chip breakers, which are broadly claimed in my applications Serial Nos. 453,383 and 453,384, tiled September 17, 1908, and which in the It is quite apparent that the' specific form illustrated herein constitute the subject-matter of an application which is a division hereof. Nor do I claim herein the radially arranged work rests, which are claimed broadly in my application Serial No. 452,309, tiled September 9, 1908, and which in the speciiic form herein illustrated constitute the subject-matter of an application which is a division hereof. Further, I do not claim herein, per se, the herein described cutter which is claimed in my application Serial No. 456,166, tiled October 5, 1908.

Having thus explained the nature of my said invention and described a way of constructing and using the same, although without attempting to set forth all of the forms in which it may be made or all of the modes of its use, what I claim is 1. A metal turning tool, comprising a frame having provisions adapting it to be secured to a lathe slide, a cutter carrier pivoted on said frame, a critter on said carrier, a member pivoted to said cutter carrier and having' one end free s0 as to be swung into and out of engagementwith said frame.

2. A metal turning tool, comprising a frame having provisions adapting it to be secured to a lathe slide, a cut-ter carrier pivoted at its inner end to said frame, a cutter' on said carrier, and a member pivoted to the outer portion of said carrier, and having a free end adapted to be swung into and out of engagement with said frame.

3. A metal turning tool, comprising a frame, a cutter, a cutter carrier pivoted at its inner end to said frame, a member pivoted to said cutter carrier for swinging said carrier about the pivot therefor and adapted to be swung into engagement with the frame for holding the nose of the cutter in proximity to the work, and supplemental means for swinging said carrier to cause the engagement of said cutter with the work.

4. A metal turning too-l, comprising a frame, a cutter carrier pivoted at its inner end to said frame, a cutter on said carrier, a member pivoted to the outer portion of said carrier, and having a free end adapted' to be swung into and out of engagement with said frame, and means for effecting a relative adjustment of said carrier and said member.

A metal turning tool, comprising a Jframe, a cutter, a cutter carrier pivoted atits inner end to said frame, a swinging member having a free end adapted to be swung into and out of engagement with said frame, and a rotatable pivot pin connecting said carrier and said member journaled in one of them and having an eccentric portion engaging the other to effect a relative adjustment of said parts.

6. A metal turning tool, comprising a frame, acutter, a cutter carrier pivoted at its inner end to said frame, a swinging member having a free end adapted to be swung into and out of engagement with said frame, a rotatable pivot pin connecting said carrier and said member journaled in one of them and having an eccentric portion engaging the other to effect a relative adjustment of said parts, and a lhandle on said pin for rotating it.

7 A metal turning tool, comprising a frame having provisions adapting it to be secured rigidly to a lathe slide and having an arm or projection, a cutter, a cutter carrier pivoted to said body below said arm or projection, and a member pivoted at its lower end to said cutter carrier and adapted to have its upper end swing laterally to engage said arm or projection and thus support the cutter carrier. c

8. A metal turning tool, comprising a frame having an arm or projection, a cutter, a cutter carrier pivoted at its inner end to said frame, a swinging member pivoted to said cutter carrier, said member and said arm having a plurality of independent stops or abutments on one of them and an engaging portion on the other of them, whereby said cutter carrier may be held at any one of a plurality of predetermined positions.

9. A metal working tool, comprising a cutter holder, a cutter consisting of a vbar or shank having a cutting edge at its inner end,

`and a shoe on said cutter holder to receive said cutter, said shoe having a stop for engagement with the inner end of said cutter. 10. A metal worklng tool comprising a may be oscillated, and a stop carried by said cutter carrier to engage the inner end of said cutter.

ll. A metal-turning tool, comprising a rigid frame, work rests on said rame,-a cutter carrier pivoted to said frame, a cutter on said carrier consist-ing of a bar having a cutting edge longitudinal thereof, a member pivoted to the cutter carrier and adapted to have its free end moved into and out of engagement with said frame.

l2. A metal-turning tool, comprising a frame, a cutter carrier, avpivot connecting said cutter carrier to said frame, a cutter consisting of a bar arranged transversely of said pivot, a member pivoted to the free end of said carrier, and an adjusting screw carried on the free end of said member and adapted to engage said frame. i

13. In a 1netal-turning tool, a cutter holder having a seat, a cutter comprising a bar or shank having a cutting edge at its inner end, a shoe in said seat having a stop to locate the cutter thereon, and means for clamping the cutter against said shoe.

In testimony whereof I have atHXed my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES HARTNESS. Witnesses FRED B. GILL, ALBERT BALDWIN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

